Intellectual Property

Trademark vs. Copyright vs. Patent: Understanding the Differences
When it comes to protecting intellectual property, it is essential to understand the differences between trademarks, copyrights, and patents. Each form of protection serves a unique purpose and is suited for specific types of creations or inventions. In this article, we’ll explore the key differences, when to apply for each, and provide case studies where these protections may overlap.
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What is a Trademark?
A trademark is a symbol, word, phrase, logo, or design that identifies and distinguishes the source of goods or services of one party from those of others. It is primarily used to protect a business’s branding elements.
• Purpose: Protects brand identity (e.g., logos, names, slogans).
• Duration: Indefinite, as long as the trademark is renewed and in use.
• Example: The Nike swoosh logo or the McDonald’s “I’m Lovin’ It” slogan.
What is Copyright?
Copyright protects original works of authorship, such as literary, artistic, musical, or other creative works. It grants the creator exclusive rights to use and distribute their work for a certain period.
• Purpose: Protects creative works (e.g., books, music, art, software).
• Duration: Varies by country, but generally the life of the author plus 50-70 years.
• Example: The Harry Potter book series by J.K. Rowling is protected by copyright.
What is a Patent?
A patent protects new inventions or discoveries. It grants the inventor exclusive rights to make, use, or sell the invention for a specific period.
• Purpose: Protects inventions or technological processes.
• Duration: Typically 20 years from the filing date, after which the invention becomes public domain.
• Example: The patent for the iPhone’s unique touchscreen technology.

In Malaysia, trademark opposition is a critical process that allows third parties to challenge the registration of a trademark before it is officially granted. This legal procedure provides businesses and individuals with an opportunity to protect their brand identity from infringement by other entities attempting to register a similar or conflicting trademark. Understanding the opposition process can help safeguard your intellectual property rights and prevent potential legal disputes.
What is Trademark Opposition?
Trademark opposition in Malaysia is the formal process through which any third party can oppose the registration of a pending trademark. The Malaysian Intellectual Property Office (MyIPO) provides a 2-month window following the publication of the trademark application in the Government Gazette, during which interested parties can file an opposition.
Grounds for Trademark Opposition in Malaysia
There are several grounds on which a trademark opposition can be filed, including:
1. Similarity to an Existing Trademark: If the proposed trademark is confusingly similar to an existing registered or well-known trademark, the opposition can be filed.
2. Lack of Distinctiveness: A trademark that lacks distinctiveness, or is generic, cannot serve as a distinctive identifier of the goods or services, making it vulnerable to opposition.
3. Descriptive Nature: If the trademark is descriptive of the goods or services it covers, it may not qualify for registration.
4. Misleading or Deceptive Marks: Trademarks that are likely to mislead the public or cause confusion may face opposition.
5. Bad Faith Registration: If the application is made in bad faith, such as to take unfair advantage of another brand’s reputation, it can be opposed.

Legal Framework and Rights of Proprietors

The Trademark Act 2019 provides a comprehensive framework for trademark protection and enforcement in Malaysia. A registered trademark grants the proprietor exclusive rights to use the trademark and to authorize others to use it. If infringement occurs, the proprietor can seek statutory remedies, including injunctions, damages, and other legal actions.

Exploitation and Enforcement

Exclusive Rights: Proprietors have exclusive rights to use the trademark for registered products and services, excluding others. Unauthorized use can be stopped through civil suits.
Remedies: Proprietors can access remedies like injunctions, account of profits, and damages, including exemplary damages, for infringement.
Registrable Transactions: Trademarks are considered personal and movable property, allowing them to be sold or assigned. Assignments must be registered with MyIPO to maintain enforceability.
Licensing: Trademarks can be licensed exclusively or non-exclusively. Exclusive licenses grant sole usage rights to the licensee, while non-exclusive licenses allow both the licensor and multiple licensees to use the trademark.
Maintenance of Rights

Proprietors must actively use the trademark in commerce. Non-use for three years can lead to revocation if an aggrieved party demonstrates substantial interest in the trademark.

Trademark Infringement
Definition and Scope

Trademark infringement occurs when an identical or similar sign is used without authorization, causing public confusion. Unauthorized use includes applying the trademark to goods, offering them for sale, and providing services under the infringing sign. Some acts, like using one’s name or descriptive terms in good faith, do not constitute infringement.

Actions Against Infringement
Civil Remedies

Cease and Desist Letter: The proprietor can send a letter demanding the cessation of unauthorized use, public clarification, account of profits, and damages.
Civil Proceedings: If the infringer refuses to settle, the proprietor can initiate legal action, seeking remedies like injunctions, delivery up of infringing goods, and damages.
Criminal Sanctions

Enforcement Raids: The Ministry of Domestic Trade and Cost of Living can investigate and seize counterfeit products. The proprietor or their representative must verify the seized items.
Registrar’s Verification: For similar but not identical infringements, the proprietor should seek verification from the registry before a raid.
Border Measures

Objection to Importation: Proprietors can apply to MyIPO to object to the importation of infringing goods, providing details about the importer, shipment, and arrival location. Customs can then take action to seize and detain the goods.
Monitoring and Preventive Measures
Registration and Monitoring

Registration is crucial for effective enforcement and protection. Proactive monitoring and preventive measures can help detect potential infringements early.

Basket of Brands (BOB): An initiative by the Ministry of Domestic Trade & Living Costs (KPDN) allows proprietors to enlist their brands in a central database for market supervision without lodging official complaints. Proprietors must cooperate fully by submitting verification reports for counterfeit goods.
Conclusion

Trademark laws in Malaysia offer a robust framework for enforcement and protection. Proprietors should leverage both legal remedies and preventive measures to safeguard their trademarks and maintain brand integrity.

A trademark is an intangible asset that represents intellectual property, legally protected under Malaysia’s Trademarks Act 2019 (TMA). It encompasses any sign or symbol that helps to identify goods or services in the market, thereby distinguishing them from others. Trademarks can take various forms, including names, words, logos, pictures, letters, numbers, colors, sounds, or any combination thereof. This variety makes trademarks powerful tools for brand recognition and differentiation. A trademark’s value stems from its ability to represent a business’s reputation and to be legally protected against unauthorized use.

The Malaysian Trademarks Act aims to protect the rights of trademark owners and ensure that consumers can accurately identify the source of products or services. A trademark is defined as any sign used to distinguish the source of goods or services, such as names, logos, letters, numbers, or combinations thereof. The law establishes the registration procedure and protection measures for trademarks, as well as penalties and remedies for trademark infringement. Through trademark registration, trademark owners acquire exclusive rights to their trademarks, preventing others from using similar or identical trademarks in the same category. The Malaysian Trademarks Act aims to promote fair competition and innovation, maintain market order, and provide effective legal protection for trademark owners and consumers.

A trademark is an intangible asset that represents intellectual property, legally protected under Malaysia’s Trademarks Act 2019 (TMA). It encompasses any sign or…

Infringement of Trademark
Trademark infringement is the unauthorized use of a trademark or a similar mark in a way that is likely to cause confusion, deception, or mistake among consumers about the source of goods or services. This can include using a similar or identical trademark to that of another company, or using a trademark in a way that is outside the scope of the permission granted by the trademark owner.

What is Anton Piller Order?
An Anton Piller injunction, also known as an “order for the delivery up of goods” or a “search order,” is a type of civil court order that allows the plaintiff to search the defendant’s premises and seize evidence without prior warning or notice to the defendant.
This type of injunction is often used in cases of suspected intellectual property infringement or breach of confidence, where the plaintiff has evidence that the defendant possesses crucial documents or evidence that are necessary to prove the case. The purpose of an Anton Piller injunction is to prevent the defendant from destroying or removing evidence before it can be seized